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rev 1.1 10/9/00 characteristics subject to change without notice. 1 of 11 www.xicor.com X9116 digitally controlled potentiometer (xdcp ) features solid-state nonvolatile 16 wiper taps 3-wire up/down serial interface ? cc = 2.7v and 5v active current < 50? max. standby current < 1? max. ? total = 10k ? packages: msop-8, soic description the xicor X9116 is a digitally controlled nonvolatile potentiometer designed to be used in trimmer applica- tions. the pot consists of 15 equal resistor segments that connect to the wiper pin through programmable cmos switches. the tap position is programmed through a 3-wire up/down serial port. the last position of the wiper is stored in a nonvolatile memory location which is recalled at the time of power up of the device. the wiper moves through sequential tap positions with inputs on the serial port. a falling edge on inc (bar) causes the tap position to increment one position up or down based on whether the u/d (bar) pin is held high or low. the X9116 can be used in many applications requiring a variable resistance. in many cases it can replace a mechanical trimmer and offers many advantages such as temperature and time stability as well as the reli- ability of a solid state solution. block diagram control and memory up/down (u/d ) increment (inc ) device select (cs ) v cc (supply voltage) v ss (ground) r h /v h r w /v w r l /v l general r l r h 0 1 2 3 * 13 14 15 r w -r l resistance 10k ? 9.34k ? 8.68k ? * k ? 2.08k ? 1.42k ? 760 ? 100 ? a pplication n ote a v a i l a b l e an99 ?an115 ?an120 ?an124 ?an133 ?an134 low noise, low power, low cost
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 2 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com pin descriptions v h /r h and v l /r l the high (v h /r h ) and low (v l /r l ) terminals of the X9116 are equivalent to the ?ed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. the minimum voltage is v ss and the maximum is v cc . v w /r w r w /r w is the wiper terminal and is equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. the position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. the wiper terminal series resistance is typically 200 ? to 400 ? depending upon v cc . up/down (u/d ) the u/d input controls the direction of the wiper move- ment and whether the counter is incremented (up) or decremented (down). increment (inc ) the inc input is negative-edge triggered. toggling inc will move the wiper and either increment or decre- ment the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the u/d input. chip select (cs ) the device is selected when the cs input is low. the current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when cs is returned high while the inc input is also high. after the store operation is complete the X9116 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. pin configuration pin names principles of operation there are three sections of the X9116: the input con- trol, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile mem- ory; and the resistor array. the input control section operates just like an up/down counter. the output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. the resistor array is com- prised of 15 individual resistors connected in series. at either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper pin. the wiper, when at either ?ed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. that is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. the electronic switches on the device operate in a ?ake before break mode when the wiper changes tap positions. if the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for t iw (inc to v w change). the r total value for the device can tem- porarily be reduced by a signi?ant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. when the device is powered-down, the last wiper posi- tion stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile mem- ory. when power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the wiper is set to the value last stored. v h /r h v cc inc u/d 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 X9116 soic/msop v ss cs v l /r l v w /r w symbol description v h /r h high terminal v w /r w wiper terminal v l /r l low terminal v ss ground v cc supply voltage u/d up/down control input inc increment control input cs chip select input
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 3 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com instructions and programming the inc , u/d and cs inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. with cs set low, the device is selected and enabled to respond to the u/d and inc inputs. high to low transitions on inc will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the u/d input) a four bit counter. the output of this counter is decoded to select one of 16 wiper positions along the resistive array. the value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile mem- ory whenever cs transitions high while the inc input is also high. the system may select the X9116, move the wiper, and deselect the device without having to store the lat- est wiper position in nonvolatile memory. after the wiper movement is performed as described above and once the new position is reached, the system must keep inc low while taking cs high. the new wiper position will be maintained until changed by the sys- tem or until a power-up/down cycle recalls the previ- ously stored data. this procedure allows the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation, minor adjustments could be made. the adjustments might be based on user pref- erence, system parameter changes due to tempera- ture drift, etc. the state of u/d may be changed while cs remains low. this allows the host system to enable the device and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. mode selection symbol table cs inc u/d mode l h wiper up l l wiper down h x store wiper position h x x standby current l x no store, return to standby waveform inputs outputs must be steady will be steady may change from low to high will change from low to high may change from high to low will change from high to low don? care: changes allowed changing: state not known n/a center line is high impedance
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 4 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com absolute maximum ratings temperature under bias ....................?5 c to +135 c storage temperature .........................?5? to +150? voltage on cs , inc , u/d , v h /r h , v l /r l and v cc with respect to v ss ................... ?v to +7v ? v = |v h /r h ? l /r l ................................................ 5v lead temperature (soldering 10 seconds)..........300? i w (10 seconds) ............................................ ?7.6ma comment stresses above those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; the functional operation of the device (at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this speci? cation) is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. recommended operating conditions temperature min. max. commercial 0? +70? industrial ?0? +85? supply voltage (v cc ) limits X9116 5v ?0% X9116-2.7 2.7v to 5.5v potentiometer characteristics (over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated) notes: (1) absolute linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (v w(n) (actual)? w(n) (expected)) = ? ml maximum. (2) relative linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = v w(n+1) ?v w(n) + ml] = ?.2 ml. (3) 1 ml = minimum increment = r tot /15. symbol parameter limits test conditions/notes min. typ. max. unit r total end to end resistance variation ?0 +20 % v vh v h /r h terminal voltage v ss v cc vv ss = 0v v vl v l /r l terminal voltage v ss v cc vv ss = 0v power rating 10 mw r total = 10 k ? r w wiper resistance 200 400 ? i w = 1ma, v cc = 5v r w wiper resistance 400 1000 ? i w = 1ma, v cc = 2.7v i w wiper current -8.8 8.8 ma noise -120 dbv hz ref: 1khz resolution 6 % absolute linearity (1) -1 +1 mi (3) v w(n)(actual) ? w(n)(expected) relative linearity (2) -0.2 +0.2 mi (3) v w(n+1) ?v w(n)+mi ] r total temperature coefficient ?00 ppm/? ratiometric temperature coefficient ?0 ppm/? c h /c l /c w potentiometer capacitances 10/10/25 pf see circuit #3
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 5 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com d.c. operating characteristics (over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) notes: (4) typical values are for t a = 25? and nominal supply voltage. (5) this parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. endurance and data retention symbol parameter limits unit test conditions min. typ. (4) max. i cc1 v cc active current (increment) 150 ? cs = v il , u/d = v il or v ih and inc = 0.4v/2.4v @ max. t cyc i cc2 v cc active current (store) (eeprom store) 400 ? cs = v ih , u/d = v il or v ih and inc = v ih @ max. t wr i sb standby supply current 1 a cs = v cc ?.3v, u/d and inc = v ss or v cc ?.3v i li cs , inc , u/d input leakage current ?0 ? v in = v ss to v cc v ih cs , inc , u/d input high voltage 2v v cc + 0.5 v v il cs , inc , u/d input low voltage ?.5 0.8 v c in (5) cs , inc , u/d input capacitance 10 pf v cc = 5v, v in = v ss , t a = 25?, f = 1mhz parameter min. unit minimum endurance 100,000 data changes per bit data retention 100 years test circuit #1 test point v w /r w v h /r h v l /r l v s test circuit #2 force current v l vw v h /r h v w /r w v l /r l test point circuit #3 spice macro model c h c l r w 10pf 10pf r h r l r total c w 25pf a.c. conditions of test input pulse levels 0v to 3v input rise and fall times 10ns input reference levels 1.5v
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 6 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com a.c. operating characteristics (over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) power up and down requirements there are no restrictions on the power-up or power-down conditions of v cc and the voltages applied to the potenti- ometer pins provided that v cc is always more positive than or equal to v h , v l , and v w , i.e., v cc v h , v l , v w . the v cc ramp rate spec is always in effect. a.c. timing notes: (6) typical values are for t a = 25? and nominal supply voltage. (7) this parameter is not 100% tested. (8) mi in the a.c. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the v w output due to a change in the wiper position. symbol parameter limits unit min. typ. (6) max. t cl cs to inc setup 100 ns t ld inc high to u/d change 100 ns t di u/d to inc setup 2.9 ? t ll inc low period 1 s t lh inc high period 1 s t lc inc inactive to cs inactive 1 s t cph cs deselect time (store) 10 ms t iw inc to vw change 1 5 ? t cyc inc cycle time 4 s t r , t f (7) inc input rise and fall time 500 ? t pu (7) power up to wiper stable 5 s t r v cc (7) v cc power-up rate 15 50 mv/? t wr store cycle 5 10 ms cs inc u/d v w t ci t il t ih t cyc t id t di t iw mi (8) t ic t cph t f t r 10% 90% 90% (store)
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 7 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com basic configurations of electronic potentiometers basic circuits v r v w /r w v r i three terminal potentiometer; variable voltage divider two terminal variable resistor; variable current v h v l cascading techniques buffered reference voltage + +5v r 1 +v ?v v w v ref v out op-07 v w v w /r w +v +v +v x (a) (b) v out = v w /r w noninverting amplifier + v s v o r 2 r 1 v o = (1+r 2 /r 1 )v s lm308a voltage regulator r 1 r 2 i adj v o (reg) = 1.25v (1+r 2 /r 1 )+iadj r 2 v o (reg) v in 317 offset voltage adjustment + v s v o r 2 r 1 100k ? 10k ? 10k ? 10k ? -12v +12v tl072 comparator with hysteresis v ul = {r 1 /(r 1 +r 2 )} v o (max) v ll = {r 1 /(r 1 +r 2 )} v o (min) + v s v o r 2 r 1 } } lt311a +5v ?v (for additional circuits see an115)
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 8 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com packaging information 0.118 ?0.002 (3.00 ?0.05) 0.040 ?0.002 (1.02 ?0.05) 0.150 (3.81) ref. 0.193 (4.90) 0.030 (0.76) 0.036 (0.91) 0.032 (0.81) 0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13) 0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10) 0.0216 (0.55) 7?typ. r 0.014 (0.36) 0.118 ?0.002 (3.00 ?0.05) 0.012 + 0.006 / -0.002 (0.30 + 0.15 / -0.05) 0.0256 (0.65) typ. 8-lead miniature small outline gull wing package type m note: 1. all dimensions in inches and (millimeters) 0.220" 0.0256" typical 0.025" typical 0.020" typical 8 places footprint ref.
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 9 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com packaging information 0.118 ?0.002 (3.00 ?0.05) 0.040 ?0.002 (1.02 ?0.05) 0.150 (3.81) ref. 0.193 (4.90) 0.030 (0.76) 0.036 (0.91) 0.032 (0.81) 0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13) 0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10) 0.0216 (0.55) 7?typ. r 0.014 (0.36) 0.118 ?0.002 (3.00 ?0.05) 0.012 + 0.006 / -0.002 (0.30 + 0.15 / -0.05) 0.0256 (0.65) typ. 8-lead miniature small outline gull wing package type m note: 1. all dimensions in inches and (millimeters) 0.220" 0.0256" typical 0.025" typical 0.020" typical 8 places footprint ref.
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 10 of 11 rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com packaging information 0.150 (3.80) 0.158 (4.00) 0.228 (5.80) 0.244 (6.20) 0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49) pin 1 pin 1 index 0.010 (0.25) 0.020 (0.50) 0.050 (1.27) 0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00) 0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75) (4x) 7 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937) 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0?- 8 x 45 8-lead plastic small outline gull wing package type s note: all dimensions in inches (in parentheses in millimeters) 0.250" 0.050"typical 0.050" typical 0.030" typical 8 places footprint
X9116 characteristics subject to change without notice. 11 of 11 limited warranty devices sold by xicor, inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemni?ation provisions appearing in its terms of sale onl y. xicor, inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the descr ibed devices from patent infringement. xicor, inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or ?ness for any purpose. xicor, inc. reserves the right to discontinue produ ction and change speci?ations and prices at any time and without notice. xicor, inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a xicor, inc. product. no o ther circuits, patents, or licenses are implied. trademark disclaimer: xicor and the xicor logo are registered trademarks of xicor, inc. autostore, direct write, block lock, serialflash, mps, and xd cp are also trademarks of xicor, inc. all others belong to their respective owners. u.s. patents xicor products are covered by one or more of the following u.s. patents: 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829,482; 4,874,967; 4,883,976; 4,980,859; 5,012,132; 5,003,197; 5,023,694; 5,084, 667; 5,153,880; 5,153,691; 5,161,137; 5,219,774; 5,270,927; 5,324,676; 5,434,396; 5,544,103; 5,587,573; 5,835,409; 5,977,585. foreign patents and addition al patents pending. life related policy in situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the sy stem with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurrence. xicors products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) sup port or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to res ult in a signi?ant injury to the user. 2. a critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. ?icor, inc. 2000 patents pending rev 1.1 10/9/00 www.xicor.com ordering information v cc limits blank = 5v 10% ?.7 = 2.7v to 5.5v temperature range blank = commercial = 0 c to +70 c i = industrial = ?0 c to +85 c package m8 = 8-lead msop s8 = 8-lead soic end to end resistance w = 10k ? X9116x x x x

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